Introduction Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline (TCGP) is designed to export natural gas from resource-rich Turkmenistan and to a certain amount from Kazakhstan to Azerbaijan by putting an underwater pipeline in the Caspian seabed. From Baku, Azerbaijan...

Introduction The effects of the United States of America’s (U.S) pulling out of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPoA) in early 2018 had an impact on the global oil trade, which continued in 2019. The renewed unilateral sanctions on Iran and...

President Rouhani’s visit to India from February 15-17, 2018 took place after a gap of almost 15 years, since President Khatami’s visit in 2003. In between, there was a transit visit by President Ahmadinejad in 2008. There was a long gap before the...

In a hard hitting speech on Friday the 13 October, 2017, President Trump announced that he would not certify to the Congress that the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) signed with Iran is in US’ national security interest. He accused Iran...