The Pahalgam terror attack on April 22 led to a four-day India-Pakistan conflict after India launched Operation Sindoor on May 7 and targeted and destroyed nine terror camps in Pakistan. The camps were located in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Jammu ....
India conducted `Operation Sindoor’ from 07 to 10 May 2025, against Pakistan, as retribution for a terrorist attack on tourists in Pahalgam (Kashmir). Pakistan launched its Operation `Bunyan-un-Marsoos' in retaliation. Hostilities ended with the de....
Introduction After decades of externally driven agendas and persistent intra-regional fragmentation, the five Central Asian republics (CARs) have taken notable steps toward deepening their mutual regional engagement in the recent past. This shift ....
Paradigm Shift in India’s Approach to National Security The gruesome targeted killing of Hindus in Pahalgam on 22 April 25, outraged a nation habitual of hearing of terrorists’ brutality over three and a half decades. Targeted and large killin....
The global food system is under growing threat from climate change and few crops embody this vulnerability more starkly than the banana. As the world’s most consumed fruit and the fourth most important food crop after wheat, rice, and maize, the ba....
(The Vivekananda International Foundation (VIF) organized a Roundtable on “Xi’s 'Dual Circulation' Amid Trump Storm” on 1 May 2025. The panel included Ambassador Ashok Kantha, Manoj Kewalramani, and Santosh Pai. The discussion was also attended....
Wars are ageless and can indeed begin unannounced, as was proven in India-Pakistan context. On 22 April 2025, it could not be predicted that on 07 May, there would commence a modern shooting war. Four days of calibrated military action followed an un....
Within 15 days of the Pahalgam slaughter, Team Modi accomplished the explicitly declared mission by hitting nine terror bases in Pakistan and killed over 100 jihadis. Operation Sindoor against Pahalgam attack achieves military, political, psycholo....
Deja Vu in 2025: Return of the HF 24 Debate Three and a half decades after India ‘retired’ an indigenous fighter air craft -HF 24 Marut (after using it successfully in war), we are on the brink of a similar situation. These are the issues rai....
Coral reefs, often referred to as the “rainforests of the sea,” are among the most biodiverse and crucial ecosystems on Earth. They sustain around 830,000 species[1] - over 33% of all known marine life - and deliver nearly USD 10 trillion in va....